Climate Matching Map
| Attachment | Size |
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| climatematch-matthiola_parviflora-united_states___arizona-20260610.pdf (1.27 MB) | 1.27 MB |
1. Question 1
No
0
Medium
No. This species is currently concentrated in its native range across Spain and Northern Africa. While there are currently reports of Matthiola parviflora growing in Arizona, there has not been confirmed naturalization for the species yet . Populations for the species are particularly present in southern Arizona around Tucson (with reports of if being found first at the University of Arizona Desert Laboratory).
Horst, Jonathan L., Sarah Kimball, Judith X. Becerra, Koji Noge, and Lawrence Venable. (2014) 2014. “Documenting the Early Stages of Invasion of Matthiola Parviflora and Predicting Its Spread in North America”. The Southwestern Naturalist 59 (1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1894/F07-FMO-13.1.
Flora, Southwest. 2020. “Matthiola Parviflora”. https://southwestdesertflora.com/WebsiteFolders/All_Species/Brassicacea….
2. Question 2
Yes
2
Very High
Yes, Matthiola parviflora occurs within southern Europe and northern Africa (occurring in both Mediterranean and desert ecosystems). This mirrors climate of its current distribution in Arizona.
Horst, Jonathan L., Sarah Kimball, Judith X. Becerra, Koji Noge, and Lawrence Venable. (2014) 2014. “Documenting the Early Stages of Invasion of Matthiola Parviflora and Predicting Its Spread in North America”. The Southwestern Naturalist 59 (1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1894/F07-FMO-13.1.
Flora, Southwest. 2020. “Matthiola Parviflora”. https://southwestdesertflora.com/WebsiteFolders/All_Species/Brassicacea….
3. Question 3
No
0
High
No. While it is currently reported as invasive in Arizona as noted in Horst et al. 2014 and by the National Park Service, it has not been designated as invasive yet. In addition, the species is also designated as a global weed by Randall 2017 but not invasive.
Horst, Jonathan L., Sarah Kimball, Judith X. Becerra, Koji Noge, and Lawrence Venable. (2014) 2014. “Documenting the Early Stages of Invasion of Matthiola Parviflora and Predicting Its Spread in North America”. The Southwestern Naturalist 59 (1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1894/F07-FMO-13.1.
Flora, Southwest. 2020. “Matthiola Parviflora”. https://southwestdesertflora.com/WebsiteFolders/All_Species/Brassicacea….
4. Question 4
No
0
Low
No. While this species may have the potential to be labeled as invasive in Arizona (focused in southern Arizona) in the future, currently it not designated as an invasive species within the US or globally.
Horst, Jonathan L., Sarah Kimball, Judith X. Becerra, Koji Noge, and Lawrence Venable. (2014) 2014. “Documenting the Early Stages of Invasion of Matthiola Parviflora and Predicting Its Spread in North America”. The Southwestern Naturalist 59 (1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1894/F07-FMO-13.1.
Flora, Southwest. 2020. “Matthiola Parviflora”. https://southwestdesertflora.com/WebsiteFolders/All_Species/Brassicacea….
5. Question 5
No
0
Very High
No. There are no other members within the Matthiola genus that are currently invasive within a similar climate.
Horst, Jonathan L., Sarah Kimball, Judith X. Becerra, Koji Noge, and Lawrence Venable. (2014) 2014. “Documenting the Early Stages of Invasion of Matthiola Parviflora and Predicting Its Spread in North America”. The Southwestern Naturalist 59 (1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1894/F07-FMO-13.1.
Flora, Southwest. 2020. “Matthiola Parviflora”. https://southwestdesertflora.com/WebsiteFolders/All_Species/Brassicacea….
2026. “Brassica Tournefortii”. https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/brassica-tournefortii-profile/.
6. Question 6
No
0
Very High
No. Despite its invaded range being found in Arizona, the majority of documented locations for this species fall outside of Arizona's climate range, though there is some overlap in Spain's arid regions.
Horst, Jonathan L., Sarah Kimball, Judith X. Becerra, Koji Noge, and Lawrence Venable. (2014) 2014. “Documenting the Early Stages of Invasion of Matthiola Parviflora and Predicting Its Spread in North America”. The Southwestern Naturalist 59 (1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1894/F07-FMO-13.1.
Flora, Southwest. 2020. “Matthiola Parviflora”. https://southwestdesertflora.com/WebsiteFolders/All_Species/Brassicacea….
7. Question 7
No
0
Medium
There is little evidence or research of species and even less so with its interactions with the community. Further work is needed to uncover the whole effect this species has within its invasive range. For now, based on its small size, we can assume no for this answer.
Horst, Jonathan L., Sarah Kimball, Judith X. Becerra, Koji Noge, and Lawrence Venable. (2014) 2014. “Documenting the Early Stages of Invasion of Matthiola Parviflora and Predicting Its Spread in North America”. The Southwestern Naturalist 59 (1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1894/F07-FMO-13.1.
Flora, Southwest. 2020. “Matthiola Parviflora”. https://southwestdesertflora.com/WebsiteFolders/All_Species/Brassicacea….
8. Question 8
No
0
Medium
There is no work that has looked at whether or not this species contributes to the ongoing, novel fire risk in the Sonoran desert. For now, we will answer this question with a no.
Horst, Jonathan L., Sarah Kimball, Judith X. Becerra, Koji Noge, and Lawrence Venable. (2014) 2014. “Documenting the Early Stages of Invasion of Matthiola Parviflora and Predicting Its Spread in North America”. The Southwestern Naturalist 59 (1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1894/F07-FMO-13.1.
Flora, Southwest. 2020. “Matthiola Parviflora”. https://southwestdesertflora.com/WebsiteFolders/All_Species/Brassicacea….
9. Question 9
No
0
Medium
There is no work that has looked at the toxicity of this species and its impact to grazing. For now, we will answer this question with no.
Horst, Jonathan L., Sarah Kimball, Judith X. Becerra, Koji Noge, and Lawrence Venable. (2014) 2014. “Documenting the Early Stages of Invasion of Matthiola Parviflora and Predicting Its Spread in North America”. The Southwestern Naturalist 59 (1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1894/F07-FMO-13.1.
Flora, Southwest. 2020. “Matthiola Parviflora”. https://southwestdesertflora.com/WebsiteFolders/All_Species/Brassicacea….
10. Question 10
No
0
High
Due to the size of the species (growing no larger than 1 to 2 feet) and it consisting of mostly herbaceous material, this species does not inhibit the movement of livestock and humans.
No references cited.
11. Question 11
No
0
Very High
There is no evidence of this plant reproducing in any way except through seed production.
Horst, Jonathan L., Sarah Kimball, Judith X. Becerra, Koji Noge, and Lawrence Venable. (2014) 2014. “Documenting the Early Stages of Invasion of Matthiola Parviflora and Predicting Its Spread in North America”. The Southwestern Naturalist 59 (1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1894/F07-FMO-13.1.
Flora, Southwest. 2020. “Matthiola Parviflora”. https://southwestdesertflora.com/WebsiteFolders/All_Species/Brassicacea….
12. Question 12
No
0
Very High
There is no evidence of this plant reproducing in any way except through seed production.
Horst, Jonathan L., Sarah Kimball, Judith X. Becerra, Koji Noge, and Lawrence Venable. (2014) 2014. “Documenting the Early Stages of Invasion of Matthiola Parviflora and Predicting Its Spread in North America”. The Southwestern Naturalist 59 (1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1894/F07-FMO-13.1.
Flora, Southwest. 2020. “Matthiola Parviflora”. https://southwestdesertflora.com/WebsiteFolders/All_Species/Brassicacea….
13. Question 13
Yes
1
Very High
Yes. This species can produce viable seed and is capable of self-compatible reproduction.
Horst, Jonathan L., Sarah Kimball, Judith X. Becerra, Koji Noge, and Lawrence Venable. (2014) 2014. “Documenting the Early Stages of Invasion of Matthiola Parviflora and Predicting Its Spread in North America”. The Southwestern Naturalist 59 (1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1894/F07-FMO-13.1.
Flora, Southwest. 2020. “Matthiola Parviflora”. https://southwestdesertflora.com/WebsiteFolders/All_Species/Brassicacea….
14. Question 14
No
0
Low
This species has been found to be autogamous with similar seed production either with or without pollinators. However, this is not enough evidence to indicate that this species has the potential to to produce copious, viable seeds each year.
Horst, Jonathan L., Sarah Kimball, Judith X. Becerra, Koji Noge, and Lawrence Venable. (2014) 2014. “Documenting the Early Stages of Invasion of Matthiola Parviflora and Predicting Its Spread in North America”. The Southwestern Naturalist 59 (1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1894/F07-FMO-13.1.
Flora, Southwest. 2020. “Matthiola Parviflora”. https://southwestdesertflora.com/WebsiteFolders/All_Species/Brassicacea….
15. Question 15
No
0
Low
Horst, Jonathan L., Sarah Kimball, Judith X. Becerra, Koji Noge, and Lawrence Venable. (2014) 2014. “Documenting the Early Stages of Invasion of Matthiola Parviflora and Predicting Its Spread in North America”. The Southwestern Naturalist 59 (1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1894/F07-FMO-13.1.
Flora, Southwest. 2020. “Matthiola Parviflora”. https://southwestdesertflora.com/WebsiteFolders/All_Species/Brassicacea….
16. Question 16
Yes
1
Very High
This species is an herbaceous annual, thus able to produce seed within the first year of its life before senescence.
Horst, Jonathan L., Sarah Kimball, Judith X. Becerra, Koji Noge, and Lawrence Venable. (2014) 2014. “Documenting the Early Stages of Invasion of Matthiola Parviflora and Predicting Its Spread in North America”. The Southwestern Naturalist 59 (1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1894/F07-FMO-13.1.
Flora, Southwest. 2020. “Matthiola Parviflora”. https://southwestdesertflora.com/WebsiteFolders/All_Species/Brassicacea….
17. Question 17
Very Low
The phenology of this species has not been studied or researched.
Horst, Jonathan L., Sarah Kimball, Judith X. Becerra, Koji Noge, and Lawrence Venable. (2014) 2014. “Documenting the Early Stages of Invasion of Matthiola Parviflora and Predicting Its Spread in North America”. The Southwestern Naturalist 59 (1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1894/F07-FMO-13.1.
Flora, Southwest. 2020. “Matthiola Parviflora”. https://southwestdesertflora.com/WebsiteFolders/All_Species/Brassicacea….
18. Question 18
Yes
1
Medium
This species invasion history is still largely unknown. At the present, seeds seem to be dispersed by anthropogenic means and not by any other animals. Seeds are elliptic with no or little wing, 1–1.2 by 0.6–0.75 mm and thus have the ability to be tiny enough to stick to fur or feather, or moved during road construction. In addition the silique is horned and can cling to fur, clothing or equipment.
Horst, Jonathan L., Sarah Kimball, Judith X. Becerra, Koji Noge, and Lawrence Venable. (2014) 2014. “Documenting the Early Stages of Invasion of Matthiola Parviflora and Predicting Its Spread in North America”. The Southwestern Naturalist 59 (1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1894/F07-FMO-13.1.
Flora, Southwest. 2020. “Matthiola Parviflora”. https://southwestdesertflora.com/WebsiteFolders/All_Species/Brassicacea….
19. Question 19
No
0
Medium
There is no evidence that this species uses wind or water to disperse.
Horst, Jonathan L., Sarah Kimball, Judith X. Becerra, Koji Noge, and Lawrence Venable. (2014) 2014. “Documenting the Early Stages of Invasion of Matthiola Parviflora and Predicting Its Spread in North America”. The Southwestern Naturalist 59 (1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1894/F07-FMO-13.1.
Flora, Southwest. 2020. “Matthiola Parviflora”. https://southwestdesertflora.com/WebsiteFolders/All_Species/Brassicacea….
20. Question 20
Yes
1
Medium
This species, in its invaded range, inhabits both roadways and undisturbed habitat. Horst et al. 2014 documented that " roadside habitats and also in an undisturbed natural area. Many of the roadside populations inspected in Tucson in spring 2010 were high-density monocultures. It is possible that equipment and other human construction devices help the spread of the species.
Horst, Jonathan L., Sarah Kimball, Judith X. Becerra, Koji Noge, and Lawrence Venable. (2014) 2014. “Documenting the Early Stages of Invasion of Matthiola Parviflora and Predicting Its Spread in North America”. The Southwestern Naturalist 59 (1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1894/F07-FMO-13.1.
Flora, Southwest. 2020. “Matthiola Parviflora”. https://southwestdesertflora.com/WebsiteFolders/All_Species/Brassicacea….
Evaluation Notes
Though this species has spread rapidly throughout southern Arizona, there is almost no research done on it. The only main source of work is Horst et al. 2014 (though a valuable one). I would recommend that more research and work on this species is required before land managers make decisions about the potential threat this species imposes on both conservation and agricultural efforts.
Total PRE Score
6
19
71
