Climate Matching Map
| Attachment | Size |
|---|---|
| climatematch-oenothera_hispida-california-20260128.pdf (1.09 MB) | 1.09 MB |
1. Question 1
2. Question 2
3. Question 3
Most other sources, however, list this species as invasive or naturalized.
4. Question 4
5. Question 5
Here, I chose to compare O. biennis and O. glazioviana for their available data and similarities in habit, habitat, and naturalized presence in California.
Oenothera biennis is native to central and eastern North America and is considered weedy worldwide. France and Spain both report O. biennis as invasive within the matching climate.
Oenothera glazioviana is commonly cultivated and distributed worldwide. The Mediterranean region in general, specifically Spain and Italy, as well as Australia all consider this species invasive and the regions in these countries it occurs share a similar climate with California.
6. Question 6
7. Question 7
8. Question 8
It could be argued that a species that forms dense mats and is found primarily within disturbed habitats could provide more fuels on a landscape that may be prone to natural fire regimes, and thus could contribute to a hotter fire in a landscape where fire generally travels low and fast, however I was unable to substantiate this hypothesis for this species.
While this species can technically add additional fuels to fire prone habitats in California, it is unlikely to be significant due to the size and stature of the species, and thus unlikely to change fire regimes.
9. Question 9
10. Question 10
11. Question 11
12. Question 12
While reproducing through rhizomatous appears to be a common mode of spreading where it is already established, I was unable to find evidence that show that spreading through detached fragments was a common method of reproduction, or that there was a common pressure that causes stems to detach naturally (such as habitats that flood, natural trampling, or high winds in taller species).
13. Question 13
14. Question 14
However, it is not evident that these fruits and seeds are all viable, and individuals are self incompatible. While it is very likely that this plant can produce copious seeds each year, I cannot justify a 'yes' answer without knowing if they are viable seeds.
15. Question 15
One study on germination traits of Oenothera glazioviana, a similar and closely related species, found that 94% of fresh seeds were able to germinate in lab conditions.
Another study found that, also in a lab setting, about 90% of seeds of Oenothera biennis germinated within two weeks after sowing. Seeds were kept for about three months in paper bags before sowing.
16. Question 16
17. Question 17
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